The real price for a product or service 1 is different to its nominal price. The former is a fictitious one, designed to offset the effect of inflation on pricing. In this article, I derive formulae for forward real pricing and backward real pricing over time periods in which inflation and savings may vary. I use the formulae to calculate histories of the real, nominal and real per-capita Gross Domestic Products for the US over a span of about a century.

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1. 1 I declare this to be my own work, entirely. In particular, no AI was used in any research, analysis, synthesis, writing, nor typesetting of this work. In short, AI was not recruited at any time in this work. Errors and inaccuracies are therefore proudly my own.

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